有了这个新的解释, 黛博拉Achtenberg认为形而上学是亚里士多德伦理学的核心，伦理学可以在两个层面上解读:不精确的, in terms of its own dialectically grounded 和 imprecise claims; or in terms of the metaphysical terms 和 concepts that give the ethics greater articulation 和 depth.